Sid Man wrote:What kind of settings should I use for the rides I can actually use my camera on? Obviously, flash photography is out as I'd hate to have my enjoyment of the ride spoiled, so what settings can I use? I've got a Nikon D5200 with a 50mm prime lens, an 18-55mm kit lens that came with the camera and an 18-250mm Sigma. I can take reasonably good pics in daylight, like most people, but would love to take something at night or in a dark ride...
Any suggestions?
Hi Sid,
Okay, this is long but will hopefully be helpful.
Although I don't have your particular camera, here are some ideas regarding what setting to use. I have no idea what your knowledge is like regarding exposure or photography in general so forgive me if any of this is stuff you already know.
First, you have to understand the scene you're trying to photograph, especially when it comes to action. Generally, the less motion in the subject or scene, the easier it will be to photograph in low light conditions.
The 3 main adjustments for any camera are:
Aperture (f-stop)
Shutter Speed
Sensitivity (ISO).
These 3 settings in combination is what is known as the exposure triangle. A change to any one of these settings will affect the others.
There are many sources you can read and learn about the exposure triangle. There is one book in particular that I found excellent and really helped me understand photography. It's aptly called "Understanding Exposure" by Bryan Peterson and is an excellent read. You can get it almost anywhere.
Here's a link to it on Amazon:
Understanding Exposure
I can't emphasize enough the importance of learning all about exposure. Once you learn it, it's like riding a bike, you never forget. It removes a lot of the mystery of photography and really helps you understand how cameras work and how the various settings affect a photo.
Normally, a camera will make the adjustments for you when set to auto mode and you'll get good results when the light levels are good. When it gets dark it can get tricky. The goal when taking photos in low light is to get as much light onto the sensor as possible. This can be done by adjusting one or more of the 3 settings that form the exposure triangle. And as with most things, each one has pros and cons as to which one you adjust. Let's take a look at each of them...
Aperture - also known as f-stop.
This setting adjusts the opening of the lens, similar to the iris of one's eyeball. The larger the opening, the more light that comes through. Aperture is measured in f-stops. The lower the f-stop, the larger the opening on the lens. So, when taking photos in low light, you usually want to open this up as wide as possible. Some lenses go down to f1.4 which is great for low light photography. Your 50mm prime lens probably goes down to f1.4 or f1.8. Prime lenses usually allow for lower f-stops than zoom lenses.
Shutter Speed
The shutter speed adjusts how long the shutter stays open when you press the shutter button. It's measured in seconds (or fractions of a second). The longer it is open, the more light will hit the sensor. But, you have to be careful with this one because, although you can open the shutter longer to get more light, it can also introduce motion blur. So, if you're on a ride like POTR and you select a longer shutter speed, you won't be able to "freeze" the motion and you'll get a blurry picture. However, if you are taking a photo of static objects, you can increase shutter speed without blurring (the use of a tripod is recommended).
Sensitivity - also known as ISO
ISO is an adjustment that you may remember from the old film days. Film itself was of a certain ISO rating. The disadvantage in those days was that you were stuck with the same ISO for the entire roll of film. With digital, that all changed and you can adjust it on the fly.
The higher the ISO value, the more sensitive the sensor is to light. There is a drawback however. Higher ISO values also introduce noise into the photo. Noise can be noticed as "grain" in the photo. Sometimes, the grain actually adds a nice look to a photo. But generally, you want to keep noise to a minimum. When the camera is set to auto, it will usually pump the ISO up to a high value when taking photos in low light. The larger the sensor, the higher the ISO can be set without introducing a lot of noise. This is why larger sensor cameras are generally better in low light situations
So...
In order to take photos in low light, I personally make the adjustments in this order...
1. Adjust aperture to a wide setting to something like f1.4 or 1.8
2. Adjust shutter speed to a setting appropriate for the scene. If fast action, it must be set to a shorter time.
3. After adjusting Aperture and Shutter Speed, adjust the ISO up to the point where there is enough light to take the photo.
Your particular camera has a rather large sensor (one size down from full frame) so you will be able to adjust ISO quite high. You can probably go up to about ISO 6400 safely.
The best thing to do is just take a bunch of photos in dark conditions and adjust these various settings. You'll quickly see how your camera reacts to the different settings.
Most cameras have 4 main modes on the dial you can choose from. Keep in mind the following when selecting the mode on the camera:
P - Program (automatic mode) - will adjust Aperture and Shutter Speed automatically
A - Aperture Priority - you set the Aperture and the camera will set the Shutter Speed
S - Shutter Priority - you set the Shutter Speed and the camera will set the Aperture
M - Manual - you adjust BOTH Shutter Speed and Aperture
ISO is set independently of the above modes. Usually, it's in the Auto ISO mode, but you can override this and select a value yourself.
For me personally, I tend to use Aperture Priority on my camera when taking photos in low light. I just set the aperture wide open (my 25mm prime lens goes to f1.4). I usually let the camera select the Shutter Speed, but sometimes I'll go into manual mode and adjust it myself if there's action in the scene that I need to freeze. Then, I will adjust to a faster shutter and raise ISO higher to compensate for the light loss.
Remember, although the "auto" setting are handy and what most people use, the camera may not always select the appropriate setting for the situation.
To sum up, for your camera, try starting with the following settings:
Aperture: 1.4 (or as low as you lens will allow)
Shutter Speed: 1/60 sec. (this is really variable but it's a start, you must increase shutter speed to freeze action, but then adjust ISO higher to compensate)
ISO: 3200 (this is a safe number for most larger sensor cameras, but you can go to 6400 too I'm sure)
Hopefully that give you a few tips to start with. Again, this is just my personal take on it. Other photographer enthusiasts/pros might have different or better tips.
Just experiment with the camera. After all, with digital, it doesn't cost anything and you can see the results instantly! 